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\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644). \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 <\/strong><strong>Jean Cl\u00e9ment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(1) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.culture.fr\/culture\/actualites\/rapports\/cordier\/intro.htm\">http:\/\/www.culture.fr\/culture\/actualites\/rapports\/cordier\/intro.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(2) Grand prix ex-\u00e6quo: David Maranis pour When Pride still mattered et E.M. Schorb pour Paradise square.<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Jean-Pierre Balpe, Contextes de l\u2019art num\u00e9rique, Herm\u00e8s, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064ah \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 (O.C.R.)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/p>\n<p>(6) CHARTIER (R.) &#8211; Le livre en r\u00e9volutions. Entretiens avec Jean Lebrun, Seuil, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>(7) CL\u00c9MENT (J.) \u2013 \u00abLe e-book est-il le futur du livre?\u00bb, in Les savoirs d\u00e9rout\u00e9s, Presses de l\u2019enssib, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>(8) KRISTEVA (J.) &#8211; S\u00e8m\u00e9i\u00f4tik\u00e9, Seuil, 1969.<\/p>\n<p>(9) CL\u00c9MENT (J.) &#8220;Hypertexte et \u00e9dition critique: l\u2019exemple des romans de C\u00e9line&#8221;, in Texte, n\u00b0 13\/14 (1993), Toronto, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>(10) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stephenking.com\/\">http:\/\/www.stephenking.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(11) <a href=\"http:\/\/promo.net\/pg\/\">http:\/\/promo.net\/pg\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(12) <a href=\"http:\/\/abu.cnam.fr\/\">http:\/\/abu.cnam.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(13) <a href=\"http:\/\/un2sg4.unige.ch\/athena\/\">http:\/\/un2sg4.unige.ch\/athena\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(14) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u00a0 00h00 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0642\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>(15) Voir article de l\u2019encyclop\u00e9die.<\/p>\n<p>(16) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a Cybook&#8221; de Cytale, le &#8220;eBook&#8221; de Gemstar, le &#8220;eCodes&#8221; de Codicil et l\u2019&#8221;eBookMan&#8221; de Francklin\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Palm Pilot, PhoneReader, etc.) \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Palm Pilot, PhoneReader, etc.)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>(17) ESCARPIT (R.) Le Litt\u00e9ratron, Flammarion, Paris, 1964.<\/p>\n<p>(18) \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640 lit\u00e9ratron\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0640 pipotron\u060c \u0648insultron\u060c \u0648 remercitron\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064f:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.charabia.net\/\">http:\/\/www.charabia.net<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(18\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0640 cut-up: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639) \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brion_Gysin\">Brion Gysin<\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0641\u064a\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ian_Sommerville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ian Sommerville<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <strong>cut-up<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>(19) DONGUY (J.) &#8211; Tag-surfusion, L\u2019\u00c9vidence, 1996.<\/p>\n<p>(20) DENIZE (A.) &#8211; Machines \u00e0 \u00e9crire , Gallimard Multim\u00e9dia, Paris, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>(21) L\u00c9VY (P.) &#8211;\u00a0 De la programmation consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un des beaux-arts , La D\u00e9couverte, Paris, 1992.<\/p>\n<p>(22) BARTHES (R.) &#8211; S\/Z, Seuil, 1970.<\/p>\n<p>(23) \u00a0\u0633\u064f\u0641\u0646\u064c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625.\u0642 (\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 P.O.L. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/perso.wanadoo.fr\/renaud.camus\/presentation.html\">http:\/\/perso.wanadoo.fr\/renaud.camus\/presentation.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(24) \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Eastgate\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>(25) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pol-editeur.fr\/feuilleton\/\">http:\/\/www.pol-editeur.fr\/feuilleton\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(26) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsu.edu\/~butler\/\">http:\/\/www.fsu.edu\/~butler\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(27) BENJAMIN (W.) &#8211; \u00c9crits fran\u00e7ais , Gallimard, 1991.<\/p>\n<p>(28) \u00c9LEC (Y.) &#8211; Trente jours \u00e0 tuer , Co\u00e9dition France Loisirs\/\u00c9ditions 00h00, 2000; FRAIN (I.) &#8211; J\u2019ai trois amours, France Loisirs, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>(29) BORGES (J.L.) &#8211; Le livre de sable, Gallimard, 1978.<\/p>\n<p>(30) BORGES (J.L.) &#8211; Fictions, Gallimard, 1965.<\/p>\n<p>(31) DEVELAY (F.) \u2013 \u00ab La fatigue du papier \u00bb, in Alire, Le salon de lecture \u00e9lectronique, Mots-voir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[AAR 97] AARSETH E.J., Cybertext, Perspectives on Ergodic Literature, Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[ANI 93] ANIS J., LEBRAVE J.L., \u00ab Texte et ordinateur : les mutations du Lire-\u00c9crire \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Actes du colloque interdisciplinaire du Centre de Recherches Linguistiques, ParisX-Nanterre, 6-7 juin 1990, \u00e9dition augment\u00e9e des actes en 1993.<\/p>\n<p>[ANI 98] ANIS J., Texte et ordinateur : l\u2019\u00e9criture r\u00e9invent\u00e9e ?, Bruxelles, Deboeck Universit\u00e9, 1998.<\/p>\n<p>[ANI 99] ANIS J., Internet et communication en langue fran\u00e7aise, Paris, Herm\u00e8s, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>[BAL 95] BALPE J.P., LELU A., SALEH I., Hypertextes et hyperm\u00e9dias : r\u00e9alisations, outils, m\u00e9thodes, Paris, Editions Herm\u00e8s, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>[BAL 97] BALPE J.P., LELU A., NANARD M., SALEH I., \u00ab Hypertextes et hyperm\u00e9dias : r\u00e9alisations, outils, m\u00e9thodes \u00bb, Actes de la 4\u00e8me conf\u00e9rence internationale H2PTM\u201997, 25-26 septembre 1997, Paris, Editions Herm\u00e8s, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[BER 99] BERNARD M., Introduction aux \u00e9tudes litt\u00e9raires assist\u00e9es par ordinateur, Paris, PUF, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>[BOL 01] BOLTER J.D., Writing Space : Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print, Fairlawn, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>[BOO 94] BOOTZ P., \u00ab A:\/\/Litt\u00e9rature \u00bb, Actes du colloque Nord Po\u00e9sie et Ordinateur, Lille, \u00c9ditions Mots-Voir et Gerico-Circav, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>[CHR 01] CHRISTIN A.M., L\u2019image \u00e9crite ou la d\u00e9raison graphique, Paris, Flammarion, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>[DEL 91] DELANY P., LANDOW G., Hypermedia and Literary Studies, Cambridge MA, MIT Press, 1991.<\/p>\n<p>[FER 97] FERRAND N., Banques de donn\u00e9es et hypertextes pour l\u2019\u00e9tude du roman, Paris, PUF Collection \u00ab Ecritures \u00e9lectroniques \u00bb, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[GAG 97] GAGGI S., \u00ab From Text to Hypertext, Decentering the Subject in Fiction \u00bb, Film, the Visual Arts and Electronic Media, Philadelphie, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[LAN 00] LANCIEN T., \u00ab Multim\u00e9dia : les mutations du texte \u00bb, Cahiers du fran\u00e7ais contemporain 6, Paris, ENS \u00c9ditions, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>[LAN 97] LANDOW G.P., Hypertext 2.0, the Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technologie, Baltimore and London, John Hopkins University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[LAU 92] LAUFER R., SCAVETTA D., Texte, Hypertexte, Hyperm\u00e9dia, Paris, PUF, 1992.<\/p>\n<p>[LEV 97] LEVY P., \u00ab Cyberculture \u00bb, Rapport au Conseil de l\u2019Europe, Paris, \u00c9ditions Odile Jacob, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[MUR 97] MURRAY J.H., Hamlet on the Holodeck, the Future of Narrative in Cyberspace, New York, The Free Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[NEL 93] NELSON T., Literary Machines, Sausalito, Californie, Mindful Press, 1981, r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 et augment\u00e9 en 1993.<\/p>\n<p>[SNY 97] SNYDER I., Hypertext : the Electronic Labyrinth, New York University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>[VAN 99] VANDENDORPE C., Du papyrus \u00e0 l\u2019hypertexte : essai sur les mutations du texte et de la lecture, Paris, \u00c9ditions La D\u00e9couverte, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>[VUI 95] VUILLEMIN A., Litt\u00e9rature et informatique, la litt\u00e9rature g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par ordinateur, Artois Presses Universit\u00e9, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>[VUI 99] VUILLEMIN A., LENOBLE M., \u00ab Lecture : de la lecture assist\u00e9e par ordinateur \u00e0 la lecture interactive \u00bb, Litt\u00e9rature Informatique, Presses Universitaires de Limoges, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; 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