{"id":546,"date":"2020-03-22T01:26:44","date_gmt":"2020-03-21T22:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.midouza.net\/?p=546"},"modified":"2026-04-15T01:14:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T22:14:19","slug":"%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/?p=546","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0643\u064a: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a  \/ \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064f \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0647(Richta: 1969, Bell: 1976) \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644 (1976) Bell \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064e\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (NICT). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Castells: 1998 et Escobar: 1994) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8211; \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8211; \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0633\u0623\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u064f \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627: \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 350 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a (61\u066a)\u060c \u0641\u0640 14\u066a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 25\u066a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 14\u066a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0650\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f (Aug\u00e9: 2001, 44)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c <em>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f <em>\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/em>. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (Stelarc: 1994)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 XVIII\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 (1975) Foucault \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u00bb (1975). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f (Heller: 1988). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Baudrillard: 1970) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a (1992) Minsky \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2035 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0639. \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0645\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Cerqui: 1998): \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u00ab\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u00bb (Besnier: 1990, 154).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00bb \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u064d\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062b\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f (Cerqui: 2000a). \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u00ab\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u00bb Rheingold: 1995, 3)). \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064f\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064f \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d. \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 (1991) Stone \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647 (Le Monde, 6 d\u00e9cembre 1999, 12) \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631 Melody Moore \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u00bb \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \/ \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Wiener: 1952). \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a (Negroponte: 1995, 11)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u00bb. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 bits \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 (Atlan: 2001, 268)\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a ADN \u00ab\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 (Foucault: 1985, 13) \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0638\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064e\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u00ab\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u00bb (Foucault: 1985, 12). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0640\u0643\u0627\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 Canguilhem \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c (&#8230;)\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0632\u062a\u064f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c <em>\u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u00bb<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u00ab<em>\u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/em>\u00bb (Sfez: 1995, 45)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627: \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a Robert Kowalski (\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00ab\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u00bb. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 80\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 55\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 38\u066a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 (\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u061f) \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0641\u0642\u0637 4\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644 (1988) Miquel et M\u00e9nard \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0646\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u00bb \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (Jonas: 1988, 1990). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 (Jonas: 1990, 13-14) \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (&#8230;)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u00bb (Sfez\u00a0:2001) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 (Cerqui: 1998). \u0623\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00bb (Feather: 1998, 6). \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u00bb (Ropohl: 1986, 71). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Leroi-Gourhan: 1964 et 1965; Cerqui: 1995). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627 (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0644 (Searle: 1999, 23)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u00bb (Merleau-Ponty: 1945, 203).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u00bb (Merleau-Ponty: 1945, 198). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u00ab\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u00bb (Hampshire: 1991, 253). \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0648 (1994) Damasio \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062c<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> syndrome de Gage\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00bb (Guillaume: 1999, 2).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0650\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643: \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u00bb (Foucault: 1985, 14).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"448\">\n<li>Aug\u00e9,\u00a0<em>Le corps glorieux<\/em>, in L. Sfez (\u00e9d.),\u00a0<em>L\u2019utopie de la sant\u00e9 parfaite, Colloque de Cerisy<\/em>, Paris, PUF, 2001, pp. 441-448.<\/li>\n<li>Atlan,\u00a0<em>Nouveaux mod\u00e8les et nouvelles m\u00e9taphores en biologie<\/em>, in L. Sfez (\u00e9d.),\u00a0<em>L\u2019utopie de la sant\u00e9 parfaite, Colloque de Cerisy<\/em>, Paris, PUF, 2001, pp. 263-288.<\/li>\n<li>Baudrillard,\u00a0<em>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation<\/em>, Paris, Deno\u00ebl (Folio), 1970.<\/li>\n<li>Bell,\u00a0<em>Vers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 post-industrielle<\/em>, Paris, Laffont, 1976.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>J.-M. Besnier,\u00a0<em>L\u2019\u00e2me et l\u2019artifice. Le d\u00e9senchantement par l\u2019IA<\/em>, in M.-P. Haroche,\u00a0<em>L\u2019\u00e2me et le corps. Philosophie et psychiatrie<\/em>, 1990, pp. 141-162.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1998\">\n<li>Castells,\u00a0<em>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en r\u00e9seaux, tome 1, l\u2019\u00e8re de l\u2019information<\/em>, Paris, Fayard, 1998.<\/li>\n<li>Cerqui,\u00a0<em>L\u2019\u00abext\u00e9riorisation\u00bb chez Leroi-Gourhan<\/em>, Lausanne, Institut d\u2019anthropologie et de sociologie, 1995.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>De la m\u00e9moire ext\u00e9rioris\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire proth\u00e9tique<\/em>, in \u00ab\u00a0Revue europ\u00e9enne des sciences sociales\u00a0\u00bb, 1998, n<sup>o<\/sup>111, pp. 157-169.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>Comment le r\u00e9seau vint aux hommes\u00a0: la virtualit\u00e9 est ailleurs<\/em>, in \u00ab\u00a0Tsantsa\u00a0\u00bb, 2000a, n<sup>o<\/sup>\u00a05, pp. 20-27.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>La qu\u00eate d\u2019une humanit\u00e9 \u00abparfaite\u00bb, une illusion des temps modernes<\/em>, in M.-O. Gonseth, J. Hainard et R. Kaehr,\u00a0<em>La grande illusion<\/em>, Neuch\u00e2tel, Mus\u00e9e d\u2019ethnographie, 2000b, pp. 99-111.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1994\">\n<li>Damasio,\u00a0<em>Descartes\u2019 Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain<\/em>, New York, Putnam, 1994.<\/li>\n<li>Escobar,\u00a0<em>Welcome to Cyberia. <\/em><em>Notes on the anthropology of cyberculture<\/em>, in \u00abCurrent Anthropology\u00bb, 1994, n<sup>o<\/sup>35, pp. 211-231.<\/li>\n<li>Feather,\u00a0<em>The Information Society. <\/em><em>A Study of Continuity and Change<\/em>, London, Library Association Publishing, 1988.<\/li>\n<li>Foucault,\u00a0<em>Surveiller et punir\u00a0: la naissance de la prison<\/em>, Paris, Gallimard,1975.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0\u00ab La vie\u00a0: l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et la science\u00bb, in <em>Revue de m\u00e9taphysique et de morale, <\/em>1985, n<sup>o<\/sup>\u00a01, pp. 8-14.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1999\">\n<li>Guillaume,\u00a0<em>L\u2019empire des r\u00e9seaux<\/em>, Paris, Descartes, 1999.<\/li>\n<li>Hampshire,\u00a0<em>Biology, machines, and humanity<\/em>, in J. Sheehan et M. Sosna (\u00e9ds),<em>The Boundaries of Humanity. Humans, Animals, Machines<\/em>, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991, pp. 253-256.<\/li>\n<li>Heller,\u00a0<em>\u00abTiens-toi droit\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0L\u2019enfant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire au 19e si\u00e8cle: espace, morale, sant\u00e9. L\u2019exemple vaudois<\/em>, Lausanne, Editions d\u2019En bas, 1988.<\/li>\n<li>Jonas,\u00a0<em>Le principe responsabilit\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, Cerf, 1990.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>Pour une \u00e9thique du futur<\/em>, Paris, Payot, 1998.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1964\">\n<li>Leroi-Gourhan,\u00a0<em>Le geste et la parole I. Technique et langage<\/em>, Paris, Albin Michel, 1964.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>Le geste et la parole II. La m\u00e9moire et les rythmes<\/em>, Paris, Albin Michel, 1965.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1945\">\n<li>Merleau-Ponty,\u00a0<em>Ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de la perception<\/em>, Paris, Gallimard, 1945.<br \/>\nDOI :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14375\/NP.9782070293377\">10.14375\/NP.9782070293377<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Minsky,\u00a0<em>La fusion prochaine de la science, de l\u2019art et de la psychologie<\/em>, in \u00abArt Press Hors s\u00e9rie\u00bb, 1992, n<sup>o<\/sup> 12, pp. 140-144.<\/li>\n<li>Miquel et G. M\u00e9nard<em>, Les ruses de la technique. Le symbolisme des techniques \u00e0 travers l\u2019histoire<\/em>, Montr\u00e9al, Bor\u00e9al, 1988.<\/li>\n<li>Negroponte<em>, L\u2019homme num\u00e9rique<\/em>, Paris, Laffont, 1995.<\/li>\n<li>Rheingold,\u00a0<em>Les communaut\u00e9s virtuelles<\/em>, Paris, Addison-Wesley France, 1995.<\/li>\n<li>Richta, <em>La civilisation au carrefour<\/em>, Paris, Anthropos, 1969.<\/li>\n<li>Ropohl,\u00a0<em>Information does not make sense; or: the relevance gap in information technology and its social dangers<\/em>, in C. Mitcham et A. Huning (\u00e9ds),\u00a0<em>Philosophy and Technology II. <\/em><em>Information Technology and Computers in Theory and Practice<\/em>, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1986, pp. 63-74.<\/li>\n<li>R. Searle,\u00a0<em>Le myst\u00e8re de la conscience<\/em>, Paris, Odile Jacob, 1999.<\/li>\n<li>Sfez,\u00a0<em>La sant\u00e9 parfaite. Critique d\u2019une nouvelle utopie<\/em>, Paris, Seuil,1995.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<em>Le retour de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire, de l\u2019identit\u00e9<\/em>, in L. Sfez (\u00e9d.),\u00a0<em>L\u2019utopie de la sant\u00e9 parfaite, Colloque de Cerisy<\/em>, Paris, PUF, 2001, pp. 449-460.<\/p>\n<p>Stelarc,\u00a0<em>Da strategie psicologicha cyberstrategie: prostetica, robotica ed esistenza remota<\/em>, in P. L. Capucci (\u00e9d.), Il corpo tecnologico. L\u2019influenza delle tecnologie sul corpo e sulle sue facolt\u00e0, Bologna, Baskerville, 1994, pp. 61-76.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"118\">\n<li>R. Stone,\u00a0<em>Will the Real Body Please Stand Up?<\/em>, In M. Benedikt(\u00e9d.),\u00a0<em>Cyberspace\u00a0: First Steps<\/em>(ed.), Cambridge, MIT Press, 1991, pp. 81-118.<\/li>\n<li>Wiener,\u00a0<em>Cybern\u00e9tique et soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, Deux-Rives, 1952.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644 (CH) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u201c\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u201d \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u201c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u201d\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 HEAVEN\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. (\u0645).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u00ab\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2035\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0639\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0626\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u00bb. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c <em>\u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u061f\u00bb<\/em>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. (\u0645).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>\u00a0[5] \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0629 Bit\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646 0 \u0648 1. (\u0645).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Conf\u00e9rence du 11.12.01, D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Ecole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de \u00adLausanne, Suisse.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064e\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Crqui, 2006b).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628. \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062c (1823-1850)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 6,01 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 1,09 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 3,18 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 <em>\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: syndrome de Cage. (\u0645).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064f \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0647(Richta: 1969, Bell: 1976) \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644 (1976) Bell \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064e\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (NICT). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Castells: 1998 et Escobar: 1994) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-28"],"views":3694,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":642,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546\/revisions\/642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/midouza.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}